These methods are efficient, ecofriendly and economic. Research is in progress to screen plants for hyperaccumulation of heavy metals. Toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants are the major targets for phytoremediation. Present phytoremediation system characteristics that site managers and others might find useful in assessing the potential applicability of phytoremediation to a specific site. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly, safe and cheap technique to eliminate the pollutants. Khara 1 department of marine biology, graduate school of marine science and technology, science and research branch, islamic azad university, tehran, iran. Download book pdf heavy metal stress in plants pp 305329 cite as. For heavy metal phytoremediation, plant vegetation should be fastgrowing and hardy, easy to cultivate and maintain, and able to transport toxic heavy metals in their aboveground parts as well as through the process of evaporation utilizing an excessive amount of water 27. Highlights heavy metal pollution is a serious environmental problem. Assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals using chemical.
Phytoremediation of heavy metals using amaranthus dubius. Heavy metals have severe toxic effects on plants, animals, and human health, and therefore their remediation. Plants free fulltext assisting phytoremediation of heavy. First named by carolus linneaus in 1753 native to central asia in the family cannabacea other members include humulus and celtis has been used for 10,000 years, one of first cultivated plants.
Phytoremediation is a technology which can be applied in situ without moving or excavating large amounts of contaminated soil and leaves. Phytoremediation is the use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, ground water, surface water, and waste water. So, in our study we tried to enhance the phytoremediation capacity of eichhornia crassipes to treat heavy metals by using electric current. All journal articles featured in international journal of phytoremediation vol 22 issue 4. Accumulation of heavy metals by plants is affected by many factors, variations in plant species, plants growth stage and element characteristics control absorption, accumulation and translocation of metals. Translocation factor and metal extraction ratio were calculated to assess. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soil and water in. However, in excessive amounts these heavy metals have deleterious effects.
Dec 29, 2011 advantages the cost of the phytoremediation is lower than that of traditional processes both in situ and ex situ the plants can be easily monitored the possibility of the recovery and reuse of valuable metals by companies specializing in phyto mining it is potentially the least harmful method because it uses naturally. As willow has some specific characteristics like high transport capacity of heavy metals from root to shoot,huge amount of biomass production, can use also for production of bio energy in the biomass energy power plant. Reduction in concentration of heavy metals in landfill leachate depends upon the duration of exposure to l. Phytoremediation is a technology that uses plants to degrade, assimilate, metabolize, or detoxify metal and organic chemical contamination. However, it is considered as a slow form of remediation, as plants take time to grow and flourish. Besides the chemical forms of heavy metals and their bioavailability within the polluted site, the role of plantassociated rhizosphere bacteria and fungi in phytoremediation can in many cases be of special importance.
Plantmicrobe interactions and the role of pgp bacteria in assisting phytoremediation of heavy metals microorganisms are found almost everywhere in the environment. A b s t r a c t continued industrialization, agricultural practices, and other anthropogenic activities lead to heavy metals contamination. Important criteria for plants used for phytoremediation include the provision of economic benefits, harvesting management, and by product utilization. Phytoremediation potential of brassica juncea for removal of. Review article phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated. Watson environmental, agricultural and analytical chemistry section, chemistry department, university of glasgow, glasgow g12 8qq, uk. Artemisia plants are known to be capable of accumulating several metals from soils. Some metals are essential for plant growth however, very high or low concentrations of some these heavy metals may be inhibitory to plant. They grow in and tolerate soil, air, water, and desert conditions, as well as extreme temperatures vidali, 2001.
Phytoremediation of heavy metals phytoremediation is a part of the emerging green technology being used for the uptake of various heavy metals in different amounts from the so il and storage of them in parts of the plant that figure 1. Pdf phytoremediation of heavy metals assisted by plant. It utilizes a variety of plant biological processes and the physical characteristics of plants to aid in site remediation. Conditioning of heavy metalpolluted river sediment by cannabis sativa l. Like other organisms, plants possess a variety of detoxification mechanisms to counter the harmful effects of heavy metals. The sources of various heavy metals are listed in table table1. Environmental biotechnology is a tool to accumulate the phytoremediation process through over expression of those genes responsible for the sequestration of heavy. Plants can take up heavy metals by their roots, or even via their stems and leaves, and accumulate them in their organs. First named by carolus linneaus in 1753 native to central asia in the family cannabacea other members include humulus and celtis. Phytoremediation of heavy metalsconcepts and applications. Various amendments, including the augmentation of certain chemical substances i. Review paper phytoremediation of toxic metals from soil and.
Plants can degrade organic pollutants or contain and stabilize metal contaminants by acting as filters or traps. Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals medcrave. One promising strategy is phytoremediation, the use of plants to uptake heavy metals. They are elements, and short of an alchemical transformation you have to physically remove them, cover them up, or apply phosphate so that plants dont take them up as readily. This costeffective plantbased approach to remediation takes advantage of the remarkable ability of plants to concentrate elements and compounds from the environment and to metabolize various molecules in their tissues. Cadmium and zinc, using alpine pennycress, a hyperaccumulator of these metals at levels that would be toxic to many plants. A high accumulation of heavy metals in a soil or water can be considered toxic to plants or animals. Sources of heavy metals, and foliar, root uptake of heavy metals in plants. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve environmental contamination has been growing rapidly in recent years. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated.
Phytoremediation involves growing plants in a contaminated matrix. Jan 28, 2003 the use of plants or plant products to restore or stabilize contaminated sites, collectively known as phytoremediation, takes advantage of the natural abilities of plants to take up, accumulate, store, or degrade organic and inorganic substances. To use plants to remediate heavy metal pollution would be an effective technique in pollution control. It is reported that phytoremediation technology is an alternative to treat heavymetalcontaminated side which will be more admitted in order to remediate the environment. The technology involves efficient use of plants to remove, detoxify or immobilize environmental contaminants in a growth matrix soil, water or sediments through the natural, biological, chemical or physical activities or processes of the plants. Growth and physiological responses of three poplar clones grown on soils artificially contaminated with heavy metals. Not all plants are able to accumulate heavy metals or organics pollutants due to differences in the physiology of the plant. The plant is then harvested and disposed of and the site replanted until heavy metals in the. Phytoremediation mechanisms of heavy metal contaminated soils.
Raskin i, ensley bt 2000 phytoremediation of toxic metalsusing plants to clean up the environment, wiley interscience publication. Heavy metals in plants and phytoremediation request pdf. Phytoremediation for heavy metal environmental issues. Pistia stratiotes was examined in the presence of several distinct heavy metals separately, in order to determine the ability of the plant to tolerate and accumulate the metals tested and for eventual use for phytoremediation of waste water or natural water bodies polluted with these heavy metals odjegba and fasidi, 2004. The heavy metal uptake into shoots and roots of 33 indigenous plant species in thai nguyen province was also determined. On the one hand, they can directly influence the aforementioned parameters. Heavy metal detoxification and tolerance mechanisms in. Results on removal of heavy metals zn, pb, fe, cu, and ni through phytoremediation of landfill leachate by lemna minor at different time periods of exposure are shown in figures 15. The accumulation of heavy metals in plants and the role of plants in removing pollutants should be understood in order to implement phytoremediation, which makes use of plants to extract, transfer. Potential of duckweed lemna minor for the phytoremediation. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated and polluted soils. Heavy metals phytoremediation by aquatic plants hyrocotyle ranocloides, ceratophyllum demersum of anzali lagoon 1l.
As the most limitation for phytoremediation is the low. Such a process has been used to clean up heavy metals, toxic aromatic pollutants, acid mine drainage, pesticides and xenobiotics and organic compounds. Several studies have described the performance of heavy metals uptake by plants. Pistia stratiotes was examined in the presence of several distinct heavy metals separately, in order to determine the ability of the plant to tolerate and accumulate the metals tested and for eventual use for phytoremediation of waste water or natural water bodies polluted.
Initial experiments with transgenic plants have shown that they are indeed efficient in drawing metals from heavily contaminated soils. Phytoremediation 4 phytoremediation consists of mitigating pollutant concentrations in contaminated soils, water, or air, with plants able to contain, degrade, or eliminate metals, pesticides, solvents,explosives, crude oil and its derivatives, and various other contaminants from the media that contain them. Excessive uptake of metals by plants may produce toxicity in human nutrition, and cause acute and chronic diseases. It is known that heavy metals are taken up and translocated by plants to different degrees. From the study, it was noted that ni metal has higher bcf values in the range of 2. Study on application of phytoremediation technology in. Phytoremediation is a technology which can be applied in situ without moving or excavating large amounts of contaminated soil and leaves the topsoil in an undisturbed and usable condition 239.
Advancement in molecular studies will improve efficiency of phytoremediation. Phytoremediation uses wild or genetically modified plants gmps to extract a wide range of heavy metals and organic pollutants from the soil. Most plants growing on contaminated soils effec tively exclude heavy metals from their tissues. Phytoremediation for heavy metal removal plants, so called hyperaccumulators are usually used, they take up 100 times the concentration of metals over other plants. The presence of any metal may vary from site to site, depending upon the source of individual pollutant. Toxic heavy metals considered as phytotoxic agents to plants that affect the plant morphological and physiological processes such as lower. Many plants such as mustard plants, alpine pennycress, hemp, and pigweed have proven to be successful at hyperaccumulating contaminants at toxic waste sites.
Dec 24, 2007 the sources of various heavy metals are listed in table table1. Phytoremediation of contaminated soils using ornamental. Review paper phytoremediation of toxic metals from soil. The aim of this paper is to provide a brief view about factors affecting heavy metals uptake by plant species, to discuss the different phytoremediation strategies of heavy metal contaminated soils and the advantages and disadvantages of phytoremediation and each of its mechanisms. Important criteria for plants used for phytoremediation include the provision of economic benefits, harvesting management, and byproduct utilization. Environmental biotechnology is a tool to accumulate the phytoremediation process through over expression of those genes responsible for the sequestration of heavy metals and radio nuclide in plants or through genetransfer.
Phytoremediation is a green technology with good public perception. The mode of phytoremediation, the effect of the metals on the plants, the ability of the plant to extract metals from soil bioconcentration factor bcf, and the ability of the plants to move the metals to the aerial parts of the plants translocation factor tf were evaluated for the different metals. May 30, 2019 a high accumulation of heavy metals in a soil or water can be considered toxic to plants or animals. The use of plants for the removal of heavy metals from soil and water offers a wide range of advantages. Application of biological processes for decontaminating the contaminated or polluted sites is a challenging task because heavy metals cannot be degraded and hence permit in the soil. Phytoremediation potential of weedy plants in heavy metal. Heavy metals are removed from soil by moving up into plant roots, stems, and leaves. Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by. The overview on conventional method of phytoremediation particularly heavy metals discussed earlier concluded that the process could significantly reduce contamination over other traditional methods, and permanently accumulated or contaminate material disposed in landfills. Recently, the use of aquatic plants especially micro and macro algae has received much attention due to their ability to absorption of metals and taking up toxic elements from the. The eight weedy plants were selected to study the uptake of metals and bcf. Has been used for 10,000 years, one of first cultivated plants.
Heavy metals can create stressful conditions to the plants and their growth becomes limited or impossible and this can influence the phytoremediation. One of phytoremediation categories, phytoextraction, can be used to remove heavy metals from soil using its ability to uptake metals which are essential for plant. Phytoremediation is based upon several processes such as phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, phytoaccumulation and phytoextraction. It classifies the plants according to phytoextraction mechanism and discusses the pathway of metal in plants. Phytoremediation is defined as a process of decontaminating soil and aquatic systems by using plants, fungi or algae to absorb heavy metals. Pdf the current remediation technique of heavy metal from. Phytoremediation of heavy metalcontaminated soil by. Phytoremediation is one of the safer, economical, and environmentfriendly techniques in which plants are used to recover polluted soils, particularly those containing toxic organic substances and heavy metals. Although plants take up and accumulate certain essen tial nutrients from soils to concentrations as high as l3%, levels of heavy metals only accumulate to o. Heavy metals, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are essential in trace amounts for growth by plants and other living organisms.
Phytoremediation is a general term for several ways in which plants are used to remediate sites by removing pollutants from soil and water. Phytoremediation of heavy metals assisted by plant growth. Uptake, mobilization and sequestration of heavy metals by plants. Heavy metal detoxification and tolerance mechanisms in plants. Phytoremediation is a better option for cleanup of metalcontaminated sites. Heavy metal analysis were performed through icpms in both plant and soil samples. Phytoremediation of heavy metal polluted soils and water. Phytoremediation, the use of plants to decontaminate soil by taking up heavy metals, shows considerable promise as a lowcost technique and has received much attention in recent years.
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